How Often Does the Us House of Representatives Redistribute Seats
TEXT A. The legislative power of the U.s.a.
The legislative ability resides in Congress which consists of 2 chambers or Houses � the Senate (the upper house) and the House of Representatives (the lower on).
Each state has its own government following the Washington blueprint � State Assemblies or legislatures with two chambers.
The main task of Congress is to make laws. The United states of america Constitution also gives Congress the ability to impose taxes, to make rules for merchandise with foreign countries and between the states, to coin money, to organize the Armed services, to declare war etc. It also has the right to propose amendments to the Constitution whenever two-thirds of both Houses consider it necessary.
The Senate is composed of 100 members, ii from each of the 50 states elected for a term of six years. Under the Constitution the Senate has some special powers. It approves or disapproves major Presidential appointments of such high officials as ambassadors, Cabinet members, federal judges. The Senate must likewise ratify, past twothirds vote, treaties between the USA and foreign countries.
The House of Representatives is the dynamic institution of the federal regime. The states are represented on a population basis and are divided into congressional districts or constituencies or roughly equal size (around 520.000 people). At the present time, there are 435 members of the Business firm of Representatives. Information technology has a special power of its ain. Only a member of the House of Representatives tin introduce a beak to raise money, but information technology must be passed by the Senate earlier information technology can get a constabulary. The chairman of the House of Representatives, the Speaker, is elected past the House and has important responsibilities, giving him considerable influence over the President. Moreover, should the President and Vice-President die before the stop of their term, information technology is the Speaker who becomes President. A new Congress session begins on the 3d of January each odd numbered year and continues for two years. Generally Congress goes along the decisions of its committees. For a bill to become a law it must be passed past both the Firm of Representatives and the Senate and signed past President.
to approve an date ��������� �����
to coin money ����������� ���������� to advise amendments �������� ���������� two-tertiary vote �������� (���������) ������ special power ��� ����� �������
Ex. 2. ���������������������������������������������������������
| A NOUN | A VERB | AN Describing word |
| to organize | ||
| special | ||
| decision | ||
| presentable | ||
| to declare | ||
| land |
Ex.iii . �����������������������������������������1. The legislative power in the United states of america resides in �..
a) President b) Congress c) the Supreme Courtroom
ii. Congress consists of �..
a) the Firm of Eatables and the Senate b) the Senate and the House of Lords
c) the Senate and the House of Representatives
3. The main chore of Congress is �.
a)to coin money b) to make laws c)to propose amendment to the Constitution
4. The Senate ratifies treaties with foreign countries by �.
a) the half of the members b) 2-thirds vote c) President�s order
v. The number of Representatives depends on �.
a) President�southward decision b) the population of states c) the Ramble observation
Ex. four. ������������������ (*) ���������������������
one. The legislative power is presented by Congress consisting of the Senate (the lower firm) and the House of Representatives (the upper house) ( ). two. Congress is responsible for law making activity ( ). three. Whenever two-thirds of both Houses consider information technology necessary Congress may propose amendments to the Constitution ( ). iv. Each of fifty states sends two representatives to the Senate for a five twelvemonth term ( ). 5. The Senate has special ability � to approve or disapprove President�southward appointment ( ). six. The number of Representatives depends on the size of the population ( ). vii. The responsibility of a Senate member is to raise money ( ). viii. Every bill must exist passed past the Senate before it tin can become police force ( ). 9. A new Congress session begins on the 3rd of February each odd numbered year ( ). 10. Congress goes along with the decisions of its committees ( ).
Ex. 5. �����������������
1. What body is the US legislative ability presented past? 2. How many chambers does
Congress consist of? 3. Which house is the upper one? 4. What is the main responsibleness of Congress? 5. What is the primary blueprint for legislature composition? 6. Which members take the right to introduce a Bill? 7. How are the amendments to the Constitution made? viii. What house has the ability to deal with fiscal matters? nine. What is the obligatory status for passing whatever police? 10. When does Congress begin its new session? Ex. 6 . �������������������������������������
TEXT B. The court system of the United States of America.
In the United States the judiciary (which is a collective term for courts and judges) is divided into national (federal) and country judiciary. Each is independent of the other with the exception that the Supreme Court may, under special circumstances involving federal questions, review a state courtroom decision.
In the federal system there are 90 District Courts presided over by a commune judge, which hear criminal cases involving breaches of federal law and civil cases on federal matters (disputes between states, non-payment of federal taxes, etc.). Each country has at least one district court, a few have as many as four. Each court has from 1 to 24 federal judges, depending on the volume of business. All judges are appointed for life past the President, or until they choose to resign.
Appeal tin can be made to the US court of Appeals, where an entreatment is heard by
three judges, although in very of import cases all nine appeal judges sit together. In then vast bulk of cases this courtroom�s decision is final and sets a precedent for hereafter cases, although this precedent is not always binding on the Supreme Court.
Although not explicitly given the power of judicial review � the power to decided whether the actions of the President, Congress or state governments violate the Constitution � this is the important role that the Supreme Courtroom has developed in the in the legal system. The Supreme Court judges of whom at that place are unremarkably ix (though Congress may change this number) are nominated for life by the President after being approved by the Senate. The Supreme Courtroom meets in the Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. It is a beautiful edifice of white marble. The figures over the entrance represent the national ideas of law and liberty. Above the principal entrance announced the words - �Equal Justice Under Law�.
E 10 E R C I S E S.
Ex.1 . ����������������������������������������������
���� ��� ����������������� �������� ����������� ���� ���������� ���-�� ������ �� ������ ������������� ���� ����������� ���������� ������� ��������� ������������ �������� ������� �������� ������������ ������� �������� ����������� �������
Ex. two. ���������������������������������������������������������
| A Substantive | A VERB | AN Adjective |
| normal | ||
| idea | ||
| national | ||
| to depend | ||
| appeal |
Ex.iii . �����������������������������������������
1. The Us Judiciary is divided into �..
a) local and regional b) international and federal c) federal and state
2. The United states of america Supreme Court may review �..
a) President�s orders b) articles of the Constitution c) a state court decision
three. Commune courts hear criminal and civil cases involving ��
a) violation of national legislation b) violation of country legislation c) violation of human rights
four. The court of entreatment sets a precedent for ��
a) legal development of the country b) future cases hearing c) reviewing the previous decisions
five. The Supreme Court is responsible for �.
a) checking the conformity to the Constitution b) reviewing the entreatment courts decisions c) deciding criminal and civil cases
Ex. four. ������������������ (*) ���������������������
1. The Usa judiciary is divided into federal and local judiciary ( ). ii. In the federal organization in that location are 80 District Courts presided over by a district gauge ( ). 3. District Courts are responsible for hearing criminal cases involving breaches of federal law and civil cases on federal matters ( ). 4. Each state has at to the lowest degree one district court ( ). 5. All judges of District Courts are nominated for a five twelvemonth term by the Senate ( ). 6.
Appeal tin exist made to the U.s. court of Appeals ( ). 7. The important role of the Supreme Court is to decided whether the actions of the President, Congress or state governments violate the Constitution ( ). viii. At that place are normally nine judges of Supreme Court nominated for life by Congress ( ). 9. Each District Court has from i to xi federal judges depending on the volume of business ( ). x. The Supreme Court meets in the Supreme Courtroom building in New York ( ).
Ex. v. �����������������
ane. What body is the U.s. judiciary presented past? ii. What categories of courts are there in the USA? 3. What cases are heard by the Commune Courts? four. What is a membership of District Courts? v. Which trunk has the right for court reviewing? 6. What is the procedure of judges� nomination? seven. What court is the highest one in the USA? 8. How long may a judge perform his professional person duties? 9. What area is the Supreme Court located on? ten. What words limited the core of US idea of law and freedom?
Topical vocabulary
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